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Flow Meter

A flow meter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid (liquid or gas) moving through a pipe or conduit. Flow meters are essential in various industries, including water treatment, oil and gas, chemical processing, and HVAC systems, as they help monitor and control fluid flow for efficiency, safety, and regulatory compliance.

Types of Flow Meters:
There are several types of flow meters, including:
  • Variable Area Flow Meters: Measure flow by the position of a float in a tapered tube.
  • Thermal Mass Flow Meters: Measure mass flow based on heat transfer.
  • Turbine Flow Meters: Measure flow by the rotational speed of a turbine.
  • Differential Pressure Flow Meters: Measure flow based on pressure differences across a flow restriction.


Thermal Mass Type — HTMF Series

The HTMF is a thermal diffusion multi-point gas flow meter that measures gas flow at multiple points, allowing it to effectively operate in areas with uneven flow rate distribution, and if some sensors become abnormal, they can be excluded from the measurements, enabling continued operation; it is compatible with transmitters like the HTMC-F or HTMD-F for flow rate calculations and control.
 
Operation Principle
The HTMF consists of a Reference Sensor and an Active Sensor, each utilizing Reference RTD and Active RTD. The Reference Sensor measures the fluid's temperature, while the Active Sensor, which has a heating wire, measures a temperature that is higher than the fluid's temperature. As the fluid flows, the temperature of the Active Sensor decreases depending on the flow rate, creating a temperature difference (?T) between the Reference and Active Sensors. This ?T is acquired as a resistance component (?R) by the Reference RTD and Active RTD, which is then transmitted to the transmitter. The transmitter calculates the transmitted ?R in relation to the gas mass, ultimately determining the mass flow rate and volume flow rate.
 

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Turbine Type — HFT-Series

The HFT-Series is a high-precision turbine flowmeter that measures instantaneous flow rate (Flow Rate), total flow rate (Resettable), and total accumulated flow rate (Acc. Total). It offers optional features such as a 4-20mA Analog Output or Alarm Relay based on the flow rate, depending on the control requirements. One of its key advantages is the LCD display on the front, which clearly shows all parameters and indications, making it easy for operators to understand the fluid status and manage the device effectively.
 
Operation Principle
The kinetic energy of the liquid passing through the flow meter rotates the ROTOR. The rotation speed is proportional to the average speed of the fluid, and by installing a PICK-UP COIL on the outside, the pulse proportional to the rotation speed of the ROTOR is detected, and by counting this, the instantaneous and accumulated flow rates can be measured.
 

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Variable Area Type — HKOP Series

The HKOP Series features a tightening device installed in the pipe that measures the differential pressure before and after it to determine the flow rate. Unlike general differential pressure flow meters that use a differential pressure gauge for measurements, this model utilizes a rotameter, allowing it to directly indicate the differential pressure as the flow rate. This design enhances the ease of use and accuracy in flow rate measurement.
 
Operation Principle
When a tightening device is installed in the middle of a pipe, it narrows the area through which the fluid flows, resulting in a pressure difference before and after the device due to the resistance it generates. By applying Bernoulli's principle, a relationship between the differential pressure and flow rate can be established, allowing for accurate flow rate measurements based on this pressure difference. This principle is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is widely used in flow measurement applications.

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Variable Area Type — HKA Series

The HKA Series is one of the most common flow meters, known for its ease of connection to pipes. It features a simple structure that allows for easy disassembly and assembly. Additionally, it is designed with improved mechanical properties and heat resistance by utilizing a hard glass tube, making it a reliable choice for various applications.
 
Operation Principle
When fluid flows into the flow meter, a pressure difference develops between the front and back of the float. This pressure difference generates an upward force, causing the float to rise. The float continues to rise until the upward force balances with its effective weight. At this equilibrium point, the flow rate can be measured by reading the scale corresponding to the float's position. This mechanism allows for accurate flow measurement in a straightforward manner.

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Variable Area Type — HFR-981 Series

The HFR-981 Series is a surface area flow meter that features a float moving within a metal tapered tube. The position of the float indicates the flow rate, as it rises and falls in proportion to the flow of fluid. This design ensures accurate measurement and is commonly used in various industrial applications.
 
Operation Principle
The HFR-981 Series uses a float mechanism to measure flow rates based on the balance of various forces when fluid enters the conical tube. The position of the float corresponds to the flow rate, allowing for accurate measurements. This type of technology is often used in various industrial applications for monitoring fluid dynamics.

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Differential Pressure Type — HWFM Series

The HWFM flow meter features a wedge-shaped structure that is installed vertically in the direction of fluid flow above the pipe. This design causes the fluid, particularly sludge, to flow downward in the pipe. The wedge creates a restriction in the flow path, which accelerates the fluid as it passes through. By installing the meter vertically, it ensures a consistent flow direction and allows for effective settling of any solids, leading to accurate measurements. The pressure differential created by the wedge shape can be measured, which correlates to the flow rate, making this flow meter essential in applications like wastewater treatment where sludge measurement is critical.
 
Operation Principle
When a tightening device is installed in the middle of a pipe through which fluid flows to narrow the area through which the fluid passes, a pressure difference occurs before and after the device due to the resistance generated by the tightening device. Using Bernoulli's principle, a relationship between differential pressure and flow rate can be derived, and this can be used to measure the flow rate.
 

 

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Differential Pressure Type — HAPT Series

HAPT-Series is an averaging Pitot tube for flow measurement. Normally, Pitot tube is used when you want to measure the flow rate at a certain point. However, averaging Pitot tube has the advantage of being able to measure the average flow rate of the entire pipe that you want to measure, rather than finding the flow rate at a certain point. HAPT-Series has the advantage of low pressure loss, no moving parts, long life, and structurally difficult sedimentation of foreign substances.
 
Operation Principle
When the HAPT-Series is installed in a pipeline through which fluid flows, a pressure difference occurs between the front and rear ends as the fluid passes through the sensor. At this time, the voltage in front of the sensor and the static pressure in the rear end are measured to obtain the differential pressure, i.e. the dynamic pressure. Then, using the measured dynamic pressure, the flow rate can be obtained through the relationship between the dynamic pressure and the flow rate and density derived from Bernoulli's law.
 

 

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Cavitating Venturi Type — HCV Series

The HCV (Hydraulic Control Valve) plays a vital role in the auxiliary feedwater system of a reactor. Its main function is to maintain a constant flow rate of water supplied to the steam generator, ensuring optimal operation and safety of the system.
By precisely controlling the flow rate, the HCV helps maintain the necessary water level in the steam generator, which is crucial for efficient heat exchange and overall system performance. This is particularly important in nuclear power plants where maintaining the right conditions is essential for safety and efficiency.
 
Operation Principle
The use of multiple geodetic resonators to reduce noise and vibration during fluid flow is an excellent method to enhance system stability. By mitigating the vibrations caused by cavitation, these resonators help prevent potential damage to pipes and reduce the risk of rupture accidents, ensuring a safer operating environment.
In the context of a nuclear power plant, managing the cooling water supply is crucial, especially in emergency situations. Properly controlling the flow of cooling water is essential to avoid rapid cooling of the reactor, which can lead to complications and lengthy downtimes for restart. By limiting excessive injection of cooling water, the system can maintain a balanced approach to cooling, ensuring that safety protocols are followed while minimizing operational disruptions.
 

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